Ozone issue Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ozone issue - Research Paper Example The depletion of the ozone layer is changing the pattern of life and survival on earth. There have been changes in the atmospheric condition due to the loss of ozone on a large scale and hence causing catastrophic disasters as well. ‘A second catastrophic view of the effect of ozone loss depended on the resultant increase in the UV radiation reaching the earth’s surface.’ (Parson, 2003, p.24) The existence of ozone is essential for shielding the earth’s surface from high energy UV rays for the living beings to survive on earth as well as under the ocean. In the 1960’s Berkner and Marshall based their observations too on this fact that during some ancient times the earth’s shift to an oxygen atmosphere forming an ozone layer thick enough to screen surface UV was necessary to let life on earth including that under ocean survive (Parson, 2003, p.24) It is evident that the existence of ozone would to a large extent determine life as well as affect the ecosystem in various ways sometimes even leading to serious diseases like skin cancer. If one follows the proverb, â€Å"Prevention is better than cure†, then he can realize the true significance of the existence of ozone layer and how it is good or bad for life on earth. In the earlier paragraph, a very serious threat which might be caused due to lack of sufficient ozone has been unmasked. In other words, as ozone prevents the harmful UV rays from bringing unwanted effects on life on the earth, it can be understood as to what might lead to a disease like skin cancer –â€Å"Ozone depletion means more UV from the sun gets to the ground, leading to more cases of skin cancer, cataracts, and other health problems† (Tabin, 2008, p.143). Besides, ozone protects the earth’s surface by absorbing the harmful UV rays emitting from the sun thereby facilitating life on the planet. If looked from a very far distant location, the earth actually looks like a beauti ful blue sphere, which accounts due to the greenery surrounding the earth, and the vegetation as well as forests which again are seats of the vibrant flowers and eventually indebted to the existence of ozone layer. (Tabin, 2008, p.39) Investigating into the factors causing reduction in ozone, it would be paradoxical to state that human beings play the role of disturbing the ozone layer by unknowingly emitting chemicals that bring unwanted changes in the layer thereby disrupting the delicate balance established by nature. (Tabin, 2008, p.40) During winter, the polar night zone or the zone in South Pole where a stream of air swirls, receives little or no light from the sun, which allows nitric acid and water to form ice crystal’s clouds called polar stratospheric clouds. Apart from this, â€Å"chlorine and bromine containing chemicals can lead to a significant depletion of stratospheric ozone† (Sinha, 1998, p.8). Chlorine gas is produced in the ozone layer as a result of the chemical reaction of the surfaces of the ice crystals, which begins to accumulate in winter releasing chlorine atoms during spring with the sunshine, finally reducing the amount of ozone, which again creates the ozone hole. J. Hampson also performed several experiments, and found out hydrogen compounds produced from water vapor are capable of destroying ozone on a rapid basis. However, the deadliest ‘enemy’ to attack ozone layer seems to be the invention of chlorofluorocarbons

The Economic Value of Sports on National Development Research Paper

The Economic Value of Sports on National Development - Research Paper Example The chapter provides a brief scrutiny of various researches done by many researchers regarding the positive economic impact of different types of sports in the USA. Then the chapter illustrates the associated economic development of the places influenced by this major sporting event. Findings propounded that there was an accelerated growth encountered in the regional private sector, sports development, and tourism sector and so on. They also saw the establishment of several craft villages and small businesses which enriched the cultural development of the places. Apart from that, great prospects for future development were also chalked out as a spillover effect of this mega sporting event (Jordan et al, 2011, pp. 25-41). Journal article summary - The Economics of Sports Facilities and Their Communities From the period of 1950s, the main sources of stadium building for the privately owned professional teams have been the taxpayers. The team owners, as well as the associated technical personnel, have claimed that the effects of these professional games are the major enhancer of the local economic activities. But the scenario which is revealed in this paper through diverse economic logic, as well as evidences, show opposite consequences with respect to the above stated concept. It has been found that with respect to professional games, there has been a neutral effect towards the local economic development. Various reasons like substitution effects, multiplier effect and so on has been conjectured for explaining the notion. The support of public for the stadia is carried on by the demand driven by the image of the community. But the owners of the team apply a scarce supply to the improvement of the image. With this type of behavior, they fetch a significant amount of monopoly rents from the taxpayers. The paper directs towards the implementation of reforms which will be able to disperse the monopoly operations of the sports leagues when they enter into negotiation with the host communities for their teams (Siegfried & Zimbalist, 2000). Synthesis The book chapter and the journal article can be synthesized to form some concrete ideas about the economic value of the sports which leads to the national development. Both pieces of literature deal with the economic value creation in a nation. Both studies concentrate on the development of regional as well as local areas with the incorporation of the sports infrastructure development. A very general concept is that today huge money flows with sports which is one of the prime sources of entertainment and includes a strong sense of nationalism and incorporates hardcore business perspectives. The main area of deviance between the two works is that they try to reach the same point but by applying different research outlook. The research elements of the journal article pose a much stronger logical base structure by applying a complimentary theory to reach the aim that sport really adds to the economic dev elopment of the nation. Various economic factors come into the forefront while discussing the impact of sports on development which needs to be thoroughly testified with suitable data. The findings of the paper incorporate economic theories and show that the investments get attracted as well as implemented. But they also point out that it is an internal process of the sports management of the